Calpurnia essays

Calpurnia expositions Calpurnia acts like shes the mother of Scout and Jem. In addition to the fact that she cooks and clean for the Finchs, she likewise trains, exhorts, and deals with all Jems and Scouts needs. Cal is an amazingly knowledgeable dark lady who lives in two extremely inverse universes. In one world she is the mother of two white youngsters and she talks like them. In her other world shes with different blacks, going to chapel with them, and acting and talking like different blacks. Calpurnia resembles a Ying-Yang image since she lives two inverse lives, and a little piece of every life is inside the other one. ... <!

Principles and practice Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Standards and practice - Assignment Example Hence drifts in outside condition can have a significant on buyer decision and inclinations and accordingly, it is significant for advertisers to know about such patterns. Fundamental patterns are moderately moderate moving changes in the commercial center that may happen for various reasons. An effective advertisers needs to monitor these progressions and react appropriately. The idea of the patterns is probably going to contrast; at times they are customer driven and once in a while business drove. Be that as it may, organizations must understand that so as to increase a serious edge and better fulfill the clients, these patterns are should have been considered. Large scale factors are those that indirectly affect the business, otherwise called PESTEL. It incorporates factors that make openings and dangers to business and is classified as the far condition. These incorporate factors, for example, political, natural, socio-social, mechanical, monetary and lawful. Concerning advertis ers of beautifying agents items, these elements assume a urgent job and can significantly affect the business structure. Political elements comprise of laws, government offices and weight bunches that impact and breaking point different association activity plans. For example, enactment influencing beautifiers business has expanded around the world. Additionally, different laws exist that secures organizations, buyers and enthusiasm of the general public on the loose. What's more, above all there is an expanded accentuation from government, on socially dependable conduct. Concerning political elements from corrective industry’s perspective, flimsy political states of the applicable areas can be problematic for the business as for imports and fares. Besides, an expansion or diminishing in charge rates can likewise affect the productivity of the business well or horribly. Natural factors principally incorporate the environmental factors, climate and environmental change. With s ignificant environmental change happening because of an Earth-wide temperature boost and with more noteworthy natural mindfulness, this outside is turning into a critical issue to consider. It is especially imperative to restorative firms as the business includes many info material that may carry harm to nature. Likewise items are defenseless to atmosphere changes, and in this way need exhaustive examination. Concerning ecological elements, firm can make esteem and better fulfill clients by receiving natural neighborly methodology. This would assist firm with keeping away from legitimate expenses and increment its generosity. Besides, utilization of regular fixings, favored by the purchasers likewise includes esteem. Change in social patterns can affect the interest for a firm’s items. Maturing populace, pay gatherings, way of life and social class profoundly influence corrective interest. Along these lines, social elements influence the client needs and size of potential mar ket. With changing design patterns, expanded mindfulness and better ways of life, interest for beauty care products is probably going to increment. For example, an expanded mindfulness among men may prompt an inside and out new corrective line. So also, maturing populace is probably going to expand interest for hostile to maturing makeup. New innovation makes new items and procedure. It will in general effect both the business procedure and the last contribution. With the appearance of web for example, the conveyance channels have gotten virtual with cost efficiencies for restorative industry. Different advancements incorporate bar coding and PC helped structure that empowers organizations to monitor its client inclination and offer inventive plans, individually. Innovation, in this way can

Academic Essay Editing On Hidden Potential

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Also in this section: Assignment Writing Company: Texts Drawing Attention Papers Editing Services: How to Focus Purchase College Paper: Attention Future Writers Term Paper Help: Scholarship Abroad English Grammar And Spelling Check To Improve Your English College Essay Editor: Skills To Develop Dissertation Writing Company: Choose An Approach Thesis Proofreading: How To Stay Focused Besides editing of academic papers, we also provide free essays on various topics in our blog. This one is dedicated to your hidden potential. Enjoy reading! Probably the most obvious piece of advice, in this case, is constant self-development and personal growth. This is a dogma of a modern person who wants to keep pace with the whole world. That's why you should always improve your skills and master new ones multiplying your knowledge daily. This essay will be dedicated to searching for your hidden potential by means of common approaches to self-development. To learn foreign languages Most of the guides on personal growth emphasize that it is crucial to learn foreign languages since it provides plenty of benefits. You can also improve the knowledge of your native language since no one will take you seriously if you dont know your mother tongue. You will be able to read novels and poems in the original language. It provides a lot of opportunities for the career and so on. The primal benefit is our cognitive skills improvement. First of all, foreign languages significantly improve our memory and its capacity. This is an excellent opportunity to get acquainted with cultural peculiarities and traditions of other nations. Learn to play musical instruments Musical instruments, as well as the sport, is a perfect means of self-development since by means. First of all, it makes us more disciplined and attentive since it is impossible to master any musical instruments being distracted. Moreover, scientists proved that such skills significantly improve our IQ. Today, there are plenty of opportunities to learn how to play musical instruments. The Internet is fulfilled with websites and YouTube channels dedicated to this topic. There is no need to attend special courses. Musical instruments will be easy to master with these tips for the newbie musicians that only begin their journey. Improve communication skills Communication is one of the most important skills of a modern man since it plays a very significant role in our lives. This is a universal way to share and get knowledge and experience, and that is why it is crucial to add it to this list. There are plenty of benefits for those who mastered communication art. It is crucial to speak clearly and comprehensively since communication skills are helpful for both business affairs and education. Generally, this is a basic skill for those who want to be a full-fledged member of society since with regard to modern requirements a person unable to communicate properly is usually disregarded. Create a blog Today, almost everybody has its personal blog. This is not about fame, this is an excellent way to share something interesting with people and get feedback. Moreover, this is a good opportunity to read other blogs and spend time enjoying the posts of knowledgeable people. This is also a good psychological trick that helps to release stress and anxiety. Moreover, this is a good practice for your writing skills that are also essential for effective communication. Once your writing skills are developed, you will be able to start writing short stories or even novels. This is a fascinating experience that will grant new emotions. You might be the next Jack London. This simple guide on how to create a blog will help those who encounter this world for the first time. Speed reading skills Bill Gates said that if he could have one superpower, he would choose to read faster. Information has become the currency of a new century, and our success depends on the speed of processing and perceiving of information. Today reading is a tool that helps us to get a good job or successfully graduate from the university. Moreover, there are plenty of informational resources we should get acquainted with, and speed reading helps to save a lot of time without compromising on effectiveness. This skills also develop. Another crucial reason for mastering this skill. This is a perfect book to test your skill practically Master drawing The drawing is perfect leisure and a good approach to self-development. First of all, it releases stress and helps to relax. It also develops imagination which is very important for those who apply to creativity every day. Moreover, it also significantly boosts critical thinking skills that might also be useful in your day-to-day activity The best thing in the drawing is that everyone can master this skill. It is scientifically proven the fact, and if you dreamt of drawing, this is a perfect time to begin. Besides, there are plenty of practical and theoretical sources of information on the internet. Networking Most of our readers might be confused by this term. Actually, this term is referred to the links that connect people, but the way you use them determines the essence of this term. Every successful person encounters with networking every day as a means of communication. Moreover, this is a good practice for our communication and social skills. All our customers can use the whole range of our services with a great discount. Contact our support representatives to find out more about the discounts we offer. 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Understanding Logic And Reason Behind Everything - 996 Words

Professor Joel Bettridge Ways of knowing April 12, 2016 Acting for a Reason Trying to understand logic and reason behind everything can be complicated. Some old mathematicians believe, for instance, that we cannot represent the greatest number, if it exists, because N+1 or when adding 1 to the greatest number, N will no longer be the highest number. Similarly, morality makes sense only as long as it remains in the practical domain. Generally, there are two important factors that affect our moral actions which are rationality and reason. Rationality is the way of analyzing the relationship between cause and effect, but reason is just an approach that is used to understand what the moral and immoral actions are. Some people may say we act morally because it makes our society function better, as well as our and other’s lives. Others may believe that acting morally can be due to the existence of religion and God, to whom we owe obedience and calls us to follow his moral commandments. These reasons make differences in relativeness which can differ from per son to person. There are different moralities in different situations. In other words, when someone sees certain beliefs from other person’s reasoning, he may see them as immoral. Accordingly, a rational person may use reason to justify the immoral actions. According to Kantian ethics, actions should be reason-based or rational to be ethical. In other words, the rational behavior is the most ethical when it is reason-basedShow MoreRelatedEthos And Pathos In The Achievement Habit By Bernard Roth958 Words   |  4 Pagesor to trust them or not. In the novel â€Å"The Achievement Habit† written by Bernard Roth, while still showing emotion towards his audience, Roth makes sure to have reliable credentials and logic behind his reasoning. Roth has a passionate attitude and strong morals about what he preaches in chapter two, â€Å"Reasons are Bullshit† that is reassuring and fitting to the reader. His communication is established through personal relations and stories, professionalism, and awareness. A paradigm is the wayRead MoreDescartes and God Essay820 Words   |  4 Pagesdebates on many things. Logic is often employed in order to understand and come to an agreement on these debated topics. One such topic, which is arguably the greatest topic of debate occurring in modern day, is the existence of God. Sure, many people believe in some sort of higher being, but how many of them try and use logic and rational thought to prove the existence of God. Many probably, however we will only look at one such person. Rene Descartes attempts to use his own logic to come up with theRead MoreMaterialism And Rationalism Of Ancient Greek Philosophers1027 Words   |  5 Pagesmaterial interaction. Everything is made up o f something. Because of this, Materialists believe that matter is primary and spirit body ideas were secondary. Materialisms explains there is a world outside of the mind and how our mind is just a part of it. This paradigm was supported by an example of materialism can be shown through the Milesian school. The Milesians first laid down the foundations of Materialisms by removing the gods from famous stories and looked at the nature behind the destruction theRead More Nature of Logic and Perception Essays1127 Words   |  5 PagesNature or Logic and Perception Outline: 1. Definition of logic and its connection with critical thinking. 2. An everyday example is given when use of logic and critical thinking takes place. 3. Nature of logic defined. 4. Perceptual shortcuts and factors influencing it. 5. How these shortcuts affect our decisions. 6. My personal experience of perceptual shortcut. 7. What I learned from this experience. 8. Importance of logic and critical thinking. 9. Read MoreSaint Anselm, A Strong Believer On The Existence And Essence Of God1534 Words   |  7 Pagesexample of the nature of the God that crafted it. Sometimes, Christian’s aren’t always called to understand everything about this world and the things beyond it. Yes, they are called to seek wisdom, like in Proverbs when it says one needs to, â€Å"[make their] ear attentive to wisdom and inclining [their] heart[s] to understanding; yes, if you call out for insight and raise your voice for understanding, if you seek it like silver and search for it as for hidden treasures, then you will understand the fearRead MoreAn Alternative Form Of Implication1562 Words   |  7 Pagesthe sense of classical logic, we can derive the statement q from p, or namely p implies q. And as such, implication can be seen in classical logic within the format of antecedent,horseshoe,consequent or antecedent,arrow,consequent (P âŠÆ' Q (P - Q). I will delve into the following topics in regards to whether it is necessary for an alternative form of implication, namely strict implication. Such as, the properties of strict implication and its uses within modal logic, other logics and how they interactRead MoreGalileo on religion and science Essay1657 Words   |  7 Pagessuggesting that the truth can only be sought out if the notion under consideration can be accurately tested and if the opposing view can be founded as false. Galileo’s goes into depth about the truth of scripture and the sciences, intertwined with the reason of man, in his letter to Christina of Lorraine, Grand Duchess of Tuscany. Early on in the letter Galileo, infers from St Augustine that the Holy Ghost did not intend to teach â€Å"how heaven goes† rather â€Å"how one goes to heaven†. Galileo interprets thisRead MoreThomas Paine And The Undermining Of American Democracy1012 Words   |  5 Pagesdemocracy, then that religion should be based on reason and logic. Any other religion that isn’t based on those principles would undermine American democracy. The religion that Paine is advocating and referring to is called deism . Paine gives a depiction of deism with this passage, â€Å"The true Deist has but one Deity; and his religion consists in contemplating the power, wisdom, and benignity of the Deity in his works, and in endeavoring to imitate him in everything moral, scientifically, and mechanical.† Read MoreThe Underground Man Essay971 Words   |  4 Pagesthat he abhors was the way in which progressive thinkers of his era worship reason. This was amusing because at the same time, he does not entirely reject reason. From analyzing the text, it is apparent that the Underground Man values reason, but he also sees it as incomplete and an underestimation of the power of free will. The Underground Man’s is not extreme, but quite moderate, because he does see values in reason, and he constantly exhibit logical thinking in his words. For instance, he emphasizesRead MoreThe Difference Between Truth And Belief1585 Words   |  7 Pagespositive thing, and do not get me wrong, it can be. I am not trying to say that faith is bad, what I want to make clear is that faith is secondary. I do not consider myself one without faith, I just feel like I have come to a somewhat unconventional understanding of faith. Or perhaps just a new, slowly growing grasp on it. Faith does not necessarily have anything to do with religion. For many, faith and religion are two separate things. But I do think it is far easier to explain faith when using religion

Poverty and the American Dream Essay - 2446 Words

Poverty and the American Dream Research Paper Final Draft Jeffery White English 101 Section 7 December 20,2012 The American Dream has driven many people for a long time. The dream has been presented in Hollywood movies showing a family or person striving to succeed in America. When the dream is mentioned it is done so as a powerful symbol inspiring a whole nation of immigrants. However, the â€Å"Dream† is misleading because it implies there is only one rather than many. Moreover, there are many perceptions of the American Dream and its fulfillment depends on culture, age and citizenship. This misperception of the American Dream has led to the downfall of many immigrants who came in search or pursuit of the American dream. For example†¦show more content†¦They show that you can come to America and achieve greatness by doing a little. They have to wear designer clothes and in a suburban home. This view is sometimes defined as: â€Å"A delusion, an illusion meant to keep people dissatisfied and hungering to spend more money, in the hopes that the next purchase will be the one that buys them the happiness they are promised. What no one told our framers is that happiness isnt a commodity. It is something that is internal, easily found, and free of charge. Happiness and the reality of the American dream are found in abandoning the false dream, and creating one of your own. Understanding that all the trappings of Western culture are props in a badly acted movie, and that you can throw their script away and make one of your own is a liberating experience. It is possible to have a wonderfully rich and fulfilling life without designer clothes, a wedding register, minivan, suburban house, or even a TV (Johnson, 2001).† This delusion does not only prevent you from societies true identity, but leads to the downfall of a person. â€Å"For an immigrant the American dream is to achieve economic wellbeing and good quality of life through hard work and perseverance. As well as, the aspect of family and emotional and physical wellbeing.† (Van de Rijt, 2008). Even though this is the view of many immigrants, they are hindered to achieve that success. One has to ask themselves this question: How can immigrantsShow MoreRelatedPoverty And The American Dream919 Words   |  4 PagesIn 2000, the poverty rate among children was 16.2% (Reef 253)! Poverty is a relevant issue that isn t going away. It s ruining minds and lives at the same time. Poverty changes how people view the American Dream, achieve the American Dream, and even affect how people s brains work and develop. With all of the media s hatred of poor people, it must affect their self-confidence and how they view the American Dream. Through her experience, Jennifer Mayer has noticed that very problem. While workingRead MorePoverty And The American Dream933 Words   |  4 Pages42% of kids born in poverty will not get out. Today, more Americans are falling below the poverty line and are struggling trying to find a way to get out. The Inequality gap in America has increased for the past few decades. Resulting from Economic Inequality in America, 400 Americans share more than 50% of America’s total wealth. These 400 Americans are the Top 1%. While the Top 1% are living luxurious lives, the Bottom 99% is struggling to make ends meet. Inequality is nothing new to the UnitedRead MorePoverty and the American Dream4620 Words   |  19 Pagesâ€Å"The American Dream† as defined by James Truslow Adams in 1931 is a national ethos of the United States in which freedom includes the opportu nity for prosperity and success, and an upward social mobility achieved through hard work. Truslow states life should be worse and poorer and fuller for everyone, with opportunity for each according to ability or achievement regardless of social class or circumstances of birth. The idea of the American Dream is rooted in the United States Declaration of IndependenceRead MorePoverty And Chances Of Accomplishing The American Dream Essay1239 Words   |  5 PagesLewis Teofil Husar ENG-111 11/30/16 Poverty and Chances of Accomplishing the American Dream. Everyone has heard of the American dream but is it even achievable? As the years go on, many children are born into poverty and stuck with the possibility of not making it out of the lower class. â€Å"The nations official poverty rate in 2015 was 13.5 percent, with 43.1 million people in poverty, 3.5 million fewer than in 2014. The 1.2 percentage point decrease in the poverty rate from 2014 to 2015 representsRead MoreWage Crisis By Michael Maher : Money, Power And The American Dream : Why Poverty?1189 Words   |  5 Pageswhen the future actually comes. The films Wage Crisis by Michael Maher; Park Avenue: Money, Power and the American Dream: Why Poverty? by Alex Gibney; and The Secret of Oz by Ben Still, are some of the films that highlight the future or work and the how the wages and economy are really affecting those who are looking for work and trying to work towards a common goal – achieving the American Dream. Throughout this review, these movies will be compared to t he content that have been covered in the FutureRead MoreEssay on Poverty and Sociology1344 Words   |  6 Pages2 million people were considered poor. The nation’s poverty rate rose to 15.1 percent, whereas in 2009, 14.3 percent of people in America were living in poverty (Censky, 2011). That is an increase of 2.6 million people in 2010. In the United States, the federal poverty line – an absolute measure of annual income – is frequently used to determine who is categorized as poor (Ferris Stein, 2008, 2010). Currently the government defines the poverty line as an income of $11,139 for an individual and $22Read MoreThe American Dream : The Myth Of The American Dream1296 Words   |  6 PagesThe Myth of The American Dream   Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚   Over the years immigrants have come to America in hopes of achieving their dreams and finding success. But is America really what it’s thought to be? Can their American   dream become a reality?   Everyone in America has the dream of achieving success and wealth through their own hard work and determination. But due to the vicious cycle of poverty most are unable to achieve their American Dream.   The cycle of poverty in America is affected by many factors includingRead MoreEssay on How Debt Affects Americans822 Words   |  4 Pagesstruck by debt, they might have trouble recovering. Debt can cause Americans to lose their homes and stability they need to feed, and shelter their families. Although debt comes upon us Americans quickly, people can see debt as terrible thing to be stuck with. It has many disadvantages that can devastate to people. Within debt there are subtopics that can be debated. We have the poor and the people who are living in poverty. Poverty is seen as a big problem within America. â€Å"It is defined as the stateRead MoreThe Poverty Of The United States1486 Words   |  6 Pageslegally and socially poor in the United States tend to stay in a cycle through life, not always by choice, but because they are given less opportunities, education and tools to achieve their success. The poverty stricken class has a significantly larger income gap than the upper class, the American Dream is weakened through opportunity and is shown through statistics. Inequality exists and is high in America due to the amount of income and wealth that is distributed through power. In America the incomeRead MoreThe American Dream : The American Dream1014 Words   |  5 Pages The American Dream. The American Dream is made up of many different aspects and ideas. Like moving up the social , escaping poverty , freedom ,equality , pursuing our interests and passions , opinions and safety. Most of the dreams are different for an individual depending on their situation. Poverty is a struggle in life. Not having enough to eat , not having heat and shelter. For the kids , life in poverty is much tougher to overcome than those who already have help with wealth.

Sustainable Competitive Advantage free essay sample

Resources are the assets, capabilities, processes, information, and knowledge that an organization controls. Firms use their resources to improve organizational effectiveness and efficiency. Resources are critical to organizational strategy because they can help companies create and sustain an advantage over competitors. 3 Organizations can achieve a competitive advantage by using their resources to provide greater value for customers than competitors can. For example, iTunes and iPod created competitive advantage for Apple and value for its customers by combining elements of design, price, and capability in a unique way. But the most important advantage was being the first company to make it easy to legally download music to digital devices. (Prior to the iTunes store, the only means of acquiring digital music was illegal file swapping. ) Apple negotiated agreements with virtually all of the major record labels to distribute their songs from a central online library, and iTunes quickly became the premier platform for music downloading. The easy-to-understand site came with free downloadable software customers could use to organize and manage their digital music library. 4 The goal of most organizational strategies is to create and then sustain a competitive advantage. A competitive advantage becomes a sustainable competitive advantage when other companies cannot duplicate the value a firm is providing to customers. Sustainable competitive advantage is not the same as a long-lasting competitive advantage, though companies obviously want a competitive advantage to last a long time. Instead, a competitive advantage is sustained if competitors have tried unsuccessfully to duplicate the advantage and have, for the moment, stopped trying to duplicate it. It’s the corporate equivalent of your competitors saying, â€Å"We give up. You win. We can’t do what you do, and we’re not even going to try to do it any more. † As Exhibit 5. 1 shows, four conditions must be met if a firm’s resources are to be used to achieve a sustainable competitive advantage. The resources must be valuable, rare, imperfectly imitable, and nonsubstitutable. Valuable resources allow companies to improve their efficiency and effectiveness. Unfortunately, changes in customer demand and preferences, competitors’ actions, and technology can make once-valuable resources much less valuable. 5 For sustained competitive advantage, valuable resources must also be rare resources. Think about it: How can a company sustain a competitive advantage if all of its competitors have similar resources and capabilities? Consequently, rare resources, resources that are not controlled or possessed by many competing firms, are necessary to sustain a competitive advantage. When Apple introduced the iPod, no other portable music players on the market used existing hard-drive technology in their design. The iPod gained an immediate advantage over competitors because it was able to satisfy the desire of consumers to carry large numbers of songs in a portable device, something the newer MP3 systems and older individual CD players could not do. One of Apple’s truly rare resources is its ability to reconfigure existing technology into a package that is easy to use, elegantly designed, and therefore highly desired by customers. As the example shows, valuable and rare resources can create temporary competitive advantage. For sustained competitive advantage, however, other firms must be unable to imitate or find substitutes for those valuable, rare resources. Imperfectly imitable resources are those resources that are impossible or extremely costly or difficult to duplicate. For example, despite numerous attempts by competitors to imitate it, iTunes has retained its competitive lock on the music download business. In addition to its customer friendly software and its extensive media library, Apple has developed a closed system for its iTunes and iPod. iPod owners cannot download music from sources other than Apple’s iTunes store, but for many this is not a problem. Many devotees won’t even consider another brand. Kelly Moore, a sales representative for a Texas software company, says of her iPod mini, â€Å"Once I find something I like, I don’t switch brands. †6 She’s not alone: Since iTunes was launched, customers have downloaded over a billion songs. No other competitor comes close to those numbers. Valuable, rare, imperfectly imitable resources can produce sustainable competitive advantage only if they are also nonsubstitutable resources, meaning that no other resources can replace them and produce similar value or competitive advantage. To compete effectively against iTunes, competitors may need to change their business model. That is, competitors need to propose substitutes for iTunes that consumers will accept. For example, Napster founders Shawn Fanning and Wayne Rosso have created a subscription-based service called Mashboxx that charges $15 a month for unlimited downloads. Yahoo! Music uses a similar model but charges as little as $6 per month for complete access to its entire library of 2 million songs. 7 In addition to straight subscription models, some companies are experimenting with price. Where iTunes charges 99 cents per song, period, Amazon’s online store will allow the record companies to charge different amounts for different songs based upon popularity. At Amie Street, a newly posted track can be downloaded for free, but as the number of downloads increases, so does the song’s price, until it reaches the maximum of 98 cents. 8 In response to competitors’ experimentation, Apple has stated that its one-flat-price model has been both effective and lucrative and has no plans to change. It will take years to find out whether these new means of purchase will constitute an effective substitute to iTunes. 9 In summary, Apple has reaped the rewards of a first mover advantage from its interdependent iPod and iTunes. The company’s history of developing customer-friendly software, the innovative capabilities of the iPod, the simple 99-cent-pay-as-you-go sales model of iTunes, and the unmatched list of music and movies available for download provide customers with a service that has been valuable, rare, relatively nonsubstitutable, and, in the past, imperfectly imitable. Past success is, however, no guarantee of future success: Apple needs to continually change and develop its offerings or risk being unseated by a more nimble competitor whose products are more relevant and have higher perceived value to the consumer. Review 1 SUSTAINABLE COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE Firms can use their resources to create and sustain a competitive advantage, that is, to provide greater value for customers than competitors can. A competitive advantage becomes sustainable when other companies cannot duplicate the benefits it provides and have, for now, stopped trying. To provide a sustainable competitive advantage, the firm’s resources must be valuable (capable of improving efficiency and effectiveness), rare (not possessed by many competing firms), imperfectly imitable (extremely costly or difficult to duplicate), and nonsubstitutable (competitors cannot substitute other resources to produce similar value). 2Strategy-Making Process Companies use a strategy-making process to create strategies that produce sustainable competitive advantage. 10 Exhibit 5. 2 displays the three steps of the strategy-making process: 2. 1 assess the need for strategic change, 2. 2 conduct a situational analysis, and then 2. 3 choose strategic alternatives. Let’s examine each of these steps in more detail. Review 2 STRATEGY-MAKING PROCESS The first step in strategy making is determining whether a strategy needs to be changed to sustain a competitive advantage. Because uncertainty and competitive inertia make this difficult to determine, managers can improve the speed and accuracy of this step by looking for differences between top management’s intended strategy and the strategy actually implemented by lower-level managers (that is, looking for strategic dissonance). The second step is to conduct a situational analysis that examines internal strengths and weaknesses (distinctive competencies and core capabilities), as well as external threats and opportunities (environmental scanning, strategic groups, and shadow-strategy task forces). In the third step of strategy making, strategic reference point theory suggests that when companies are performing better than their strategic reference points, top management will typically choose a risk-averse strategy. When performance is below strategic reference points, risk-seeking strategies are more likely to be chosen. Importantly, however, managers can influence the choice of strategic alternatives by actively changing and adjusting the strategic reference points they use to judge strategic performance. Corporate-Level Strategies Corporate-level strategy is the over all organizational strategy that addresses the question â€Å"What business or businesses are we in or should we be in? † Exhibit 5. 4 shows the two major approaches to corporate-level strategy that companies use to decide which businesses they should be in: 3. 1 portfolio strategy33 and 3. 2 grand strategies. Review 3 CORPORATE-LEVEL STRATEGIES Corporate-level strategies, such as portfolio strategy and grand strategies, help managers determine what businesses they should be in. Portfolio strategy focuses on lowering business risk by being in multiple, unrelated businesses and by investing the cash flows from slow-growth businesses into faster-growing businesses. One portfolio strategy, the BCG matrix, suggests that cash flows from cash cows should be reinvested in stars and in carefully chosen question marks. Dogs should be sold or liquidated. Portfolio strategy has several problems, however. Acquiring unrelated businesses actually increases risk rather than lowering it. The BCG matrix is often wrong when predicting companies’ futures (as dogs or cash cows, for example). And redirecting cash flows can seriously weaken cash cows. The most successful way to use the portfolio approach to corporate strategy is to reduce risk through related diversification. The three kinds of grand strategies are growth, stability, and retrenchment/recovery. Companies can grow externally by merging with or acquiring other companies, or they can grow internally through direct expansion or creating new businesses. Companies choose a stability strategy—selling the same products or services to the same customers—when their external environment changes very little or after they have dealt with periods of explosive growth. Retrenchment strategy, shrinking the size or scope of a business, is used to turn around poor performance. If retrenchment works, it is often followed by a recovery strategy that focuses on growing the business again. 4Industry-Level Strategies Industry-level strategy addresses the question â€Å"How should we compete in this industry? † Let’s find out more about industry-level strategies by discussing 4. 1 the five industry forces that determine overall levels of competition in an industry and 4. 2 the positioning strategies and 4. 3 adaptive strategies that companies can use to achieve sustained competitive advantage and above-average profits. Review 4 INDUSTRY-LEVEL STRATEGIES Industry-level strategies focus on how companies choose to compete in their industry. Five industry forces determine an industry’s overall attractiveness to corporate investors and its potential for long-term profitability. Together, a high level of new entrants, substitute products or services, bargaining power of suppliers, bargaining power of buyers, and rivalry between competitors combine to increase competition and decrease profits. Three positioning strategies can help companies protect themselves from the negative effects of industry-wide competition. Under a cost leadership strategy, firms try to keep production costs low so that they can sell products at prices lower than competitors’. Differentiation is a strategy aimed at making a product or service sufficiently different from competitors’ that it can command a premium price. Using a focus strategy, firms seek to produce a specialized product or service for a limited, specially targeted group of customers. The four adaptive strategies help companies adapt to changes in the external environment. Defenders want to â€Å"defend† their current strategic positions. Prospectors look for new market opportunities by bringing innovative new products to market. Analyzers minimize risk by following the proven successes of prospectors. Reactors do not follow a consistent strategy, but instead react to changes in their external environment after they occur. 5Firm-Level Strategies Microsoft brings out its Xbox 360 video-game console; Sony counters with its PlayStation 3. Sprint Nextel drops prices and increases monthly cell phone minutes; Verizon strikes back with better reception and even lower prices and more minutes. Starbucks Coffee opens a store, and nearby locally run coffeehouses respond by improving service, increasing portions, and holding the line on prices. Attack and respond, respond and attack. Firm-level strategy addresses the question â€Å"How should we compete against a particular firm? † Let’s find out more about the firm-level strategies (direct competition between companies) by reading about 5. 1 the basics of direct competition and 5. 2 the strategic moves involved in direct competition between companies. Review 5 FIRM-LEVEL STRATEGIES Firm-level strategies are concerned with direct competition between firms. Market commonality and resource similarity determine whether firms are in direct competition and thus likely to attack each other or respond to each other’s attacks. In general, the more markets in which there is product, service, or customer overlap, and the greater the resource similarity between two firms, the more intense the direct competition between them. When firms are direct competitors in a large number of markets, attacks are less likely because responding firms are highly motivated to quickly and forcefully defend their profits and market share. By contrast, resource similarity affects response capability, meaning how quickly and forcefully a company responds to an attack. When resource similarity is strong, attacks are much less likely to produce a sustained advantage because the responding firm is capable of striking back with equal force.

The Pulfrich phenomenon Essay Example

The Pulfrich phenomenon Paper Introduction What is the Pulfrich Phenomenon? The Pulfrich Phenomenon is a three dimensional semblance where a traveling object is seen to travel in an anomalous tract when viewed binocularly with a light rarefying filter placed in forepart of one oculus. This creates the semblance that an object oscillating on a frontal plane appears to follow an egg-shaped tract. The most widely accepted theory for this semblance is that cut downing the brightness of a stimulation to the retina of one oculus causes comparatively slower excitement of the photoreceptors ( www.suic.edu ) and hence a delayed processing of the image relation to the other oculus. ( 1 ) This creates a latency difference between the two eyes and as a consequence, information for two different scenes from each retina arrives at the ocular cerebral mantle at the same clip. Information from one oculus will get at the cerebral mantle milliseconds subsequently than the other. A geometric disparity is registered cortically from the input of the two eyes ( 7 ) and this leads to the wrong perceptual experience of the motion and comparative places of objects observed by the person. Many optic or neurological upsets that affect the ocular tract can bring forth a hold in signal transmittal to the encephalon, making a geometric disparity. The semblances created by this geometric disparity produce troublesome symptoms for persons with a status and is why many patients see jobs in mundane life as a consequence of the phenomenon. ( 5 ) Who foremost discovered the Phenomenon? We will write a custom essay sample on The Pulfrich phenomenon specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Pulfrich phenomenon specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Pulfrich phenomenon specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Carl Pulfrich, a physicist with the Zeiss Company, described the phenomenon in 1922. He was non able to detect the consequence himself nevertheless due to a childhood hurt, which left him blind in one oculus by 1905. The phenomenon was foremost noted earlier nevertheless by uranologists utilizing stereo-comparators to seek for planets. ( 3 ) Showing the phenomenon The Pulfrich phenomenon can be observed in a normal single by binocularly sing a vacillation pendulum British shilling whilst keeping a impersonal denseness filter in forepart of one oculus. The pendulum British shilling or mark used to arouse the phenomenon may take the signifier of a mechanical or computerized mark. The impersonal denseness filter lowers the retinal light of the oculus it covers, and this creates the difference in signal transmittal clip between the two eyes. This hold created by a decrease in retinal light is supported by several psychophysical and electro-physical probes. ( 1 ) ( ( 8,9 ) ) The geometric disparity created by the ocular latency difference between the eyes is interpreted by the encephalon as deepness by the binocular disparity sensors. ( 2 ) This is why the pendulum British shilling is perceived to hover in an egg-shaped gesture alternatively of traveling along a frontal plane. The sensed way of the pendulum s swing is dependent on which oculus the filter is covering ; the pendulum appears to revolve clockwise when the filter is placed in forepart of the left oculus and anti-clockwise when it is in forepart of the right oculus. Provoked and Spontaneous Pulfrich Phenomenon s When the Pulfrich phenomenon is induced in a normal single i.e. utilizing impersonal denseness filters, the phenomenon is sometimes called the provoked Pulfrich consequence. Since a hold can happen in persons with eyepiece or neurological upsets that affect the ocular tract, the Pulfrich consequence can happen spontaneously. Such diseases which may ensue in a self-generated Pulfrich consequence include ocular neuritis, an redness of the ocular nervus which can do swelling and devastation of the medulla sheath covering the ocular nervus. Since this medulla sheath helps carry on nervus urges along its axons faster than non-myelinated axons, its devastation will take to a slower transmittal to the occipital cerebral mantle, where the information is processed. Ocular neuropathies with bilaterally asymmetrical demyelination are thought to be the most common causes of the Pulfrich Phenomenon and the ocular symptoms it is associated with. ( website ) Systemic conditions such as Multiple Scl erosis, a demyelinating disease were the fatty medulla sheaths around axons are damaged ( Miller DH, Leary SM ( October 2007 ) . Primary-progressive multiple induration ) , can take to many persons sing the Pulfrich Phenomenon. The Pulfrich Phenomenon has besides been reported in many other diseases such as one-sided cataract or asymmetrical bilateral cataract. A cataract may cut down retinal light or bring forth retinal fuzz therefore taking to a ocular latency in the ocular tract of the affected oculus doing the phenomenon in the person. Anisometropic amblyopia, squint, corneal opacity, anisocoria, one-sided mydriasis, Central serous retinopathy, and age-related macular devolution have all been accountable to bring forth the Pulfrich consequence to some extent in an person. Retinal fuzz has besides been thought to be cause of the consequence, most noticeable in smaller marks. Sokol and Moskowitz ( cat ( 13 ) ) showed that a 12 MS addition in the ocular latency resulted from a 3 diopter refractile mistake. ( ) A self-generated Pulfrich phenomenon is non uncommon and has been found rather often in surveies with patients with optic and neurological upsets. It was found in 24 out of 93 patients with cured ocular neuritis, 16 out of 29 patients with unsophisticated one-sided cataract and three out of 70 patients with assorted squint jobs. ( 3 ) Factors impacting the magnitude of the Phenomenon seen The magnitude of the Pulfrich Phenomenon seen depends on a figure of factors with retinal light being one of the most important. The magnitude of Pulfrich consequence seen i.e. the deepness of the egg-shaped flight, is larger for increasing disparity of retinal light between the two eyes. This may happen in a patient with a self-generated Pulfrich phenomenon, for illustration when one oculus has a much denser cataract than the fellow oculus. It may besides happen in instances of uniocular mydriasis when anisocoria could be induced. ( 2 ) The oculus with the larger pupil receives increased retinal light than the other oculus with a smaller student and hence the phenomenon may be induced. This may besides happen when the Pulfrich phenomenon is provoked, i.e. when a impersonal denseness filter covering the oculus is increased in deepness. Lit ( ( 2 ) 12 ) has shown that the magnitude of the Pulfrich consequence seen, that is the size of the oval, is relative to the denseness of the filt er used. The distance from which a pendulum or similar mark is viewed, besides has an consequence on the magnitude of the Pulfrich phenomenon seen. An addition in the magnitude of the phenomenon can be observed as the distance between the perceiver and mark additions. Target speed besides contributes to the magnitude of the Pulfrich phenomenon. As the mark speed additions, so does the magnitude of the Pulfrich consequence seen by the perceiver, taking to much more noticeable semblances and increased ocular symptoms. Symptoms experienced due to the Phenomenon The symptoms expressed by a patient with the Pulfrich phenomenon to a general practician or oculist can be rather unusual. Objects appear to travel in wrong tracts when either the perceiver or the mark is in gesture. ( 3 ) Objects traveling up and down nevertheless will non show this consequence or lead to symptoms as a consequence of misjudged distances. These symptoms experienced lead to troubles in mundane undertakings. Undertakings such as driving and assorted ball game activities like football, which require good perceptual experience of traveling objects, have been found to be more hard for patients who have the Pulfrich phenomenon. Even the simplest of undertakings such as voyaging through room accesss or pouring a drink have been found to bring forth an increased degree of trouble for such patients. Several surveies have revealed that ocular damage leads to increased auto accidents and trouble drive. Ocular perceptual experience has a cardinal function in the safe operation of a vehicle, assisting prevent drive mistakes and hence prevent accidents and human deaths. In order to drive safely, a driver must be able to move and respond to the altering environment around him/her. This requires the ability to right gauge the comparative places of traveling and non-moving objects. Some Patients with a self-generated Pulfrich phenomenon have complained of oncoming autos seemingly sheering across the route towards them. This ocular perceptual experience could take to a serious accident and therefore must be treated to assist forestall any casualties. Persons who were subsequently diagnosed with pathologies thought to be the cause of a self-generated Pulfrich Phenomenon have reported the semblance that whilst drive, oncoming autos appear to sheer across the route towards them. Percept of this would take to the driver doing a crisp bend off to get away what he/she thinks is a certain accident. Forty old ages ago, a traffic accident was reported which occurred as a consequence of an induced Pulfrich phenomenon due to one-sided pupillary dilation. ( mention ) Since so, many probes have been carried out to larn more about the consequence a self-generated Pulfrich phenomenon has on driving. It was found that many persons had jobs with judging distances when driving, particularly when executing tactics such as contrary parking into a garage. ( mentions ) Why is it utile for oculists to be able to name and handle the Pulfrich phenomenon? Due to troublesome ocular symptoms experienced by patients known to hold the phenomenon, it is in the involvement of both the patient and Optometrist that the Pulfrich consequence is diagnosed and treated every bit shortly as possible. Assorted surveies have shown that one-sided mydriasis was found to ever bring forth the phenomenon on topics. ( mention ) Because of this, it would be of import for the Optometrist to warn the patient in progress of dilation, the ocular symptoms and trouble judging distance that can be expected, and besides to warn, if possible, the patient should non drive place. It has besides been suggested that, because patients with conditions such as cataract and ocular neuropathy frequently demonstrate the Pulfrich phenomenon, an effectual trial for the Pulfrich phenomenon might be a utile add-on to the trials available to Optometrists in primary attention pattern. The sensing of this phenomenon may help prompt diagnosing of any implicit in pathology therefore t he right direction and intervention could be initiated without hold. Recognition of this phenomenon could be peculiarly helpful in the early diagnosing of Retrobulbar neuritis, the most common signifier of ocular neuritis in grownups and often associated with multiple induration ( Jack J Kanski ) . In retrobulbar neuritis, the ocular phonograph record visual aspect is normal, at least ab initio, because the ocular nervus caput is non involved and so early sensing is hard utilizing direct or indirect Ophthalmoscopy. Testing for the Pulfrich phenomenon is the lone manner to clinically find if gesture stereopsis is normal or non. Ocular Elicited Potentials are non utile in analyzing how gesture stereopsis is affected, as their signals are travel via different ocular tracts. VEP s are besides non available to primary attention oculists. Standard stereo-tests such as the Frisby stereotest normally used in Optometric Practice besides fail to observe any abnormalcies in gesture stereopsis. ( 1 ) Knowledge and apprehension of the Pulfrich would assist the Optometrist appreciate many of the strange symptoms experienced by an person with the Pulfrich phenomenon and the many sorts of jobs faced in day-to-day life by i.e. athleticss games and traffic state of affairss. The symptoms experienced by a patient with the phenomenon can be rather easy ignored or dismissed if the clinician is incognizant of the phenomenon. If oculists had the appropriate equipment and cognition to name the Pulfrich phenomenon in mundane pattern, they would besides be able to handle the phenomenon and its sometimes-disabling effects utilizing simple filtered lenses. This would assist cut down or extinguish any of the jobs experienced as a consequence. Patients, that happen even the simplest of undertakings such as pouring a drink or voyaging through room accesss, may be enabled to transport out these undertakings with easiness after intervention. Management and intervention of the phenomenon may besides let patients who retired from driving a vehicle due to the ocular troubles faced with the Pulfrich consequence to experience confident in driving once more. The unusual symptoms experienced when driving due to the Pulfrich phenomenon, particularly the location of traveling o bjects encountered in traffic, could be eliminated with the simple intervention available. How is the Pulfrich phenomenon treated? The symptoms experienced by patients with a self-generated Pulfrich phenomenon can be reduced or eliminated by puting an appropriate impersonal denseness filter or ocular shade in forepart of the unaffected oculus. ( 3 ) The lens has the consequence of cut downing retinal light of the unaffected oculus and hence creates a hold in signal transmittal to the ocular cerebral mantle, which equals the hold in the affected oculus. To taking a right filter, the patient is shown a scope of filters of changing densenesss and asked to make up ones mind which lens alleviates their symptoms and removes phenomenon. Once the suited lens filter has been chosen, it may so be worn as eyeglassess or as a contact lens. Ocular shades are preferred to impersonal denseness filters as they are more readily available and cost effectual for the patient. ( 3 ) The filters used to handle the phenomenon should stay the same without necessitating to be updated, so long as the underlying pathology remains stationa ry. ( ) Other Diagnostic methods Doctors and other Healthcare professionals have found many different ways of proving for the phenomenon. The most frequently suggested method is to swing a pendulum in 5 different tracts in forepart of a patient. A pendulum is swung in each of the tracts, from A-E. If the right oculus is affected, the tracts C and B produce the most pronounced consequence for the patient. The pendulum appears to swerve towards the patient as it gets closer on these tracts. Picture from Charles J. M Diaper, 1997 Surv Ophthalmol Another technique used by some medical professionals in observing the Pulfrich Phenomenon is when the tester instructs the patient to rapidly walk past the tester whilst seeking to brush his/her shoulder on either side. If the consequence is present the patient s left oculus for illustration as shown in the diagram below, normally the affected eyes side will ensue in a big spread between the patient and the tester. Mistakes in spacial localisation consequence in the misjudgement of the distance between the patient and tester. The patient can be seen to do a class rectification, which can be seen as a rapid stumble off from the tester. ( 6 ) The wrong distance opinion by the patient is a consequence of an semblance caused by the Pulfrich phenomenon taking the patient to believe the tester is closer than what he/she really is. ( 3 ) Note that this spread would merely happen on the same side of the affected oculus. For illustration if the patient s right oculus were affected on the image left, a big spread would non be observed. What my undertaking is about? In this undertaking we are interested in look intoing which trials prove most effectual to an Optometrist in observing the Pulfrich Phenomenon and besides what the optimum parametric quantities are for arousing the Pulfrich consequence in visually normal perceivers. With the ready handiness of computerised stimulations for arousing the Pulfrich consequence, this may now be possible in pattern. We would wish to look into which of the presently available on-line versions of the Pulfrich phenomenon stimulations are most successful and sensitive at arousing the Pulfrich consequence. I will besides prove a scope of impersonal denseness filters of changing deepnesss to see which induces the phenomenon best in a group of visually normal grownups aged 18-30. I will besides be entering the distances at which the topics were placed in relation to the screen throughout the trial to see what consequence this may hold on observing the phenomenon on how sensitive the different stimulations were at observing the Pulfrich phenomenon in the topics.

Advice for Finding a Private School Teaching Job

Advice for Finding a Private School Teaching Job Cornelia and Jim Iredell run Independent School Placement, which matches educators with independent schools in New York City, its suburbs, and New Jersey. The company was founded in 1987. We asked Cornelia Iredell her advice for teachers and teacher candidates. Here’s what she had to say: What do private schools look for in teacher applicants? These days, just as much as advanced degrees and familiarity with independent schools, independent schools look for experience in the classroom. It used to be 25 years ago that if you went to a wonderful college, you could walk into an independent school and start teaching. That’s not true these days, except perhaps in the suburbs in Connecticut and New Jersey. In New York City independent schools, the position open to people with that background is the assistant teacher in elementary grades. It’s the easiest entry-level position. You need a strong undergraduate degree and some experience working with children. The more academic schools really look for someone who’s had more professional experience and who’s halfway through a master’s or done some student teaching. Even that is more difficult for someone with a B.A. Schools will make an exception for an alumna or alumnus sometimes. Why is prior teaching experience so important? One of the situations that teachers in independent schools may face is a parent asking why a student isn’t getting an â€Å"A.† Kids will complain too if the teacher doesn’t have experience. The schools want to make sure the teacher is prepared to deal with these types of situations. On the other hand, teacher candidates shouldn’t worry about where they got their degrees. Some schools are known for certain programs, and these schools aren’t necessarily top tier or Ivy League. People will sit up and take notice at all kinds of schools around the country. What is your advice for mid-career people looking to transition? For the mid-career person, these schools have an individualized process. The schools may be looking for someone with professional experience. They may be looking for someone who can do something else, such as development. A career changer can find a job in an independent school. We see an increasing number of career changers who are tired of doing what they are doing. Now, we’re more frequently getting candidates who have done some graduate work in the field. We’ve had people do the New York City Teaching Fellows program even if they’re interested in independent schools, so they can get hands-on training. What is your advice for jobseekers? Get experience in some way. If you are a recent grad, do Teach for America or the NYC Teaching Fellows program. If you can put up with being in a difficult school, it can be an eye-opener. People will take you seriously. You can also try to find a position in a boarding school or another part of the country, where it is more difficult to find the ideal teacher. Boarding schools are more open to intern teachers. They give you a lot of mentoring. It’s a wonderful experience. In addition, write a good cover letter and resume. Some of the cover letters and resumes we see are in poor shape these days. People don’t know how to structure a cover letter introducing themselves. People present themselves badly and praise themselves in the letter and overstate their experience. Instead, keep it brief and factual. Can public school teachers transition to private schools? Yes, they can! Certainly there are lower school teachers who’ve been head teachers in public elementary schools. If it’s someone who’s been tied to testing and a Regents curriculum, it’s harder. If you are coming from a public school, become more familiar with independent schools. Sit in classes, and get an idea of what the expectations are and what the classroom dynamic is. What helps teachers  be successful once in schools? A good mentoring program helps people. Some schools have a more formal one, while some are more informal. Have not only a mentor in your own teaching department, but have someone perhaps in a different area who is not tied in with commenting on how you are teaching your subject and can give you feedback on how you are relating to your students. Being a subject matter expert and a good teacher are both important, particularly in the upper school. Again, that’s part of the importance of the style of the person fitting in with the school. Teachers are always nervous about the demo lesson they have to do as candidates. It’s an artificial situation. What the schools are looking at is the style of the teacher, whether the teacher connects with the class. It’s important to engage the students. Are there any particular areas of growth? Independent schools are always evolving and working to stay at the forefront of learning and education. They are constantly reevaluating their curriculum, even the best schools. Many schools offer a global emphasis in many areas in the curriculum and a greater movement towards interdisciplinary work. There is also a move towards a student-centered approach and modern skills and learning methods. Real world experience is also becoming increasingly important, as are skills in technology, design thinking, entrepreneurship and more, so teachers with life experience might find themselves at the top of the resume pile.

Explain the changes in revenue and profit of your company that have Essay

Explain the changes in revenue and profit of your company that have occurred in recent years - Essay Example Based on the fact that the analysis serves the purpose of portraying financial health of a company, it means that we will focus on aspects of earnings. In this context, the two aspects which show earnings of an organization are revenue and profits. Paul and Krishna (2008) says that companies report earnings in terms of revenue and profit on a periodic basis. Through these earning reports, one can objectively know how much money a company makes, and predict corresponding amount of money that it will make in the foreseeable future. At this juncture, we will focus on a real company, ITV plc, which seeks to deliver growth through transformation of business strategies. ITV plc is a media company within the television broadcasting sector of communication industry. It deals with airing of news, advertisements and online broadcasting. In 2010, ITV adopted a transformation strategy meant to boost its financial status within a competitive business environment. This strategy strives to establis h a balanced performance in all subsectors of the company’s business, including TV studios, Pay and Interactive business and online broadcasting. ITV wants to reap heavily from increasing opportunities resulting from changes in consumer behavior. Improvement attributed to adoption of the transformation plan can be seen through the company’s revenue and profit trends. Supposedly, ITV plc admits that its transformation has contributed significantly to increase in its financial performance, which has continually enabled the company to post double digit earnings. At this juncture, preceding sections will involve dissecting ITV’s balance sheet and cash flow statements for the recent years since 2008. Changes in Revenue Fundamental analysis on ITV plc earnings will begin by acknowledging statistical figures of revenue for the past five years. In 2007, the company posted consolidated revenue of ?2,029 million. In 2008, total revenue generated from the different busines s sectors cumulated to ?2,082 million. In the two years, it emerges that TV broadcasting generates the largest revenue for the company, at ?1,652 million and ?1,750 million in 2008 and 2007 respectively. As at 31st December 2009, the company’s revenue dropped from ?2,350 million to ?1,879 million. Fortunately, 2010 came as relieve for the company after it posted improved revenue from TV studios and online broadcasting. In total, cumulative revenue for the company in 2010 stood at ?2,064 million, which is a substantial improvement compared to the 2009 figure of ?1,879 million. In succeeding years of 2011 and 2012, earnings generated from sales in form of revenue increased in a linear manner. In 2011, ITV plc had total revenue of ?2,140 followed by ?2,196 in 2012. Increase in revenue for these recent years is attributed to corresponding increase in sales within all business areas. In this regard, the figures posted above are true reflection of actuarial variations in revenue tr ends of ITV from 2007 to 2012. Changes in Profits Having appraised the revenue trend for ITV plc, it is not time to examine its profit patterns for the same period of five years. In this context, it is rationally assumed that tax rate for the five years remained consistent, thus profits considered will feature figures before tax. In 2007, ITV plc posted a before tax profit

Report to Caifu Investments Ltd Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Report to Caifu Investments Ltd - Essay Example It is noteworthy that both the company are strong competitors in the apparel industry of the United Kingdom. Since both the companies operate in the global retail industry, it is natural to assume that external environmental factors will affect both the companies in similar manner. These factors are: Advanced technology: Rapid technological development has profound transformation effect on the retail industry at global level. The exuberant adoption of mobile digital technologies such as tablets and smartphones in retailing has influenced consumer behaviour as well. Technological development has become a source of competitive advantage and differentiation. Advancement can be observed in terms of increasing implementation of QR (Quick Response) code, self checkout systems, digital advertising displays, smart kiosk and electronic price tags (Krafft and Mantrala, 2010). Product Life Cycle: The retail industry of the UK has reached the mature phase of its life cycle; as a result, high street shopping is declining at a rapid rate. Since 2000, approximately 25000 stores have been closed and around 183 retail brands disappeared from the market in 2011. E-commerce, high product diversification and recession are being considered as some of the contributing factors (Marketline, 2013). Competition: the competition in the industry is relatively high and considering the extensive diversity maintained by most contemporary retailers, the degree of rivalry has increased tremendously. Consumers have variety of choices but with limited purchasing power, retailers are losing significant share of the deserving profit (Marketline, 2013; 2014). Consumer behaviour: Thomas (2013) suggested that consumer buying behaviour in UK as well as in the world was largely affected by the recession. Consumers have changed their purchasing behaviour significantly. For majority

Marketing Plan Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words - 1

Marketing Plan - Research Paper Example This discussion will also involve market objective setting, target market analysis, such as segmentation, targeting and positioning, marketing strategies and illustration of marketing mix elements. Finally, the study will properly evaluate the process of marketing plan implementation, budgeting and controlling. Apple Inc. is one of the leading global technology companies which is specialized in developing, designing and marketing of consumer electronics. Their product line includes iPhone, iPod, iPad, Macbook etc. Apart from the hardware the organization is also specialized in developing and designing various software products and online services. The business was established in 1976. Headquarter of the organization is situated in Cupertino, California (Apple Inc. 2015a). The organization has secured the second largest position across the world as an Information Technology company in terms of their revenue while the top position is secured by Samsung Electronics. Alternatively, Apple Inc. has been entitled as the third largest company as a Smartphone maker. The value of the organization is approximately $500 billion. By the end of 2014, the organization has recorded annual revenue of $182 billion (Kraemer, et al., 2011). The analysis of the current situation of the organization will illustrate the micro environment as well as macro environment of the business. The analysis of 5 C’s of marketing such as company, collaborators, customers, competitors and climate, provides detailed understanding regarding the micro as well as macro environment of the business (Wilson and Gilligan, 2012). Product ranges: The organization provides a wide range of technology products that includes hardware software and online services. The products and services of the organization mainly include iPhone, iPad, iPod, Macbook, iTune, Mac App Store, iCloud and application software (Marketline, 2014). This is the Smartphone range of Apple Inc. which includes the

Pentecostalism :: Religion, Informative

Pentecostalism The first "pentecostals" in the modern sense appeared on the scene in 1901 in the city of Topeka, Kansas in a Bible school conducted by Charles Fox Parham, a holiness teacher and former Methodist pastor. In spite of controversy over the origins and timing of Parham's emphasis on glossolalia, all historians agree that the movement began during the first days of 1901 just as the world entered the Twentieth Century. The first person to be baptized in the Holy Spirit accompanied by speaking in tongues was Agnes Ozman, one of Parham's Bible School students, who spoke in tongues on the very first day of the new century, January 1, 1901. According to J. Roswell Flower, the founding Secretary of the Assemblies of God, Ozman's experience was the "touch felt round the world," an event which " made the Pentecostal Movement of the Twentieth Century." As a result of this Topeka pentecost, Parham formulated the doctrine that tongue was the "Bible evidence" of the baptism in the Holy Spirit. He also taught that tongue was a supernatural impartation of human languages for the purpose of world evangelization. Henceforth, he taught, missionaries need not study foreign languages since they would be able to preach in miraculous tongues all over the world. Armed with this new theology, Parham founded a church movement, which he called the "Apostolic Faith" and began a whirlwind revival tour of the American Middle West to promote his exciting new experience. It was not until 1906, however, that Pentecostalism achieved worldwide attention through the Azusa Street revival in

Explain how the application of relevant principles and values Essay

Within this unit, I am required to write an essay regarding relevant principles, values and provide holistic support for two service users. The first service user that I am going to do this for is a lady that lives in a residential care home, she has arthritis and dementia and no family to care for her, she has only lived in the home for three weeks and is finding it hard to adjust to the new environment because she is used to living in dependently, because of confidential reasons I am unable to state her name therefore I will refer to her as ‘M’. Looking at the Second individual service user, who also for confidential reasons I cannot name so l will refer to him as ‘B’, he is at secondary school and is in his first year and has been put in classes with different individuals, that have different cultures and beliefs, he has autism, and he is finding it difficult to understand difference. As an individual that is in the social care profession, it would be in my duty or another professional’s duty to do our best to help these individuals settle in to their new environments, and this would be done through principles and values, it is important to understand that there may be disagreements that come with this and this is due to the fact that we are influenced by our upbringing and therefore may not share the same principles and values of every individual that walks the earth. So by making both service users aware that each and every individualPrinciple are based on different values they hold a certain guideline about how they feel is the right way to behave, for example ‘m’ treats people with respect because she believes that this is the right thing to do. Whereas ‘B’ feels that respect is earned and should not be expected, it may be a good idea to do activity’s with both service users so that they get a better understanding of this, more so in ‘B’s’ case as this may help him understand that every individual id different from one another. When looking at the values of individuals, they are based around different beliefs of what is important to them, and individuals morals also fall in with their beliefs and may change throughout an individual’s life. Looking at socialisation, it is the way that individuals learn to conform to accepted standards of behaviour this could be within the culture or the society that they live in, an example of this could be ‘M’ this is because ‘M’ got used to the society that she was in and is now finding it hard to go from an independent women to living in a residential care home. There are two types of socialisation primary and secondary. Primary socialisation is normally the process that occurs where a child is influenced by primary carers, values and attitudes, whereas secondary socialisation involves the way that media, religion, legislationand education is reinforced and accepted of modes of behaviour. To ensure that both service users are happy, it is important that care professionals apply empowerment to the individuals and the care value base, this is meaning that care professionals should give ‘M’ and ‘B’ enough information so that they are able to make their own decisions and choices about what they would like to do and lead their life’s, another way to look at it would be having the attitude towards care in the way that you would appreciated if it were you being cared for. By doing this you will create a positive care environment. To apply empowerment to ‘M’, you would promote choice, this could be done by asking her what she would like to ware for that day, however due to ‘M’ having demnture, it would be a good idea to give her a choice of two, this is because having to many to choose from may confuse her, and if she doesn’t want anything from the choices, then you should then give her another choice of a different two, this would also be the same for service user ‘B’ by doing this you are still promoting choice to the individuals and also at the same time avoiding confusion or any other type of stress. There are many ways to empower service users for example promoting their rights, this means that all service users rights are met, this can be done by respecting them, giving them choices, and recognise service user ‘M’ and ‘B’s individuality, it can also be done by recognition of preferences, and this can be done by providing social care support for vulnerable people like service users ‘M’ and ‘B’ and by recognising their preferences you will ensure that they will be safe and able to live and do things independently, in ‘M’s case she was unable to stay in her independent home but can still do things independently within the residential care home. Also by making sure that you do not discriminate against service user ‘M’ and ‘B’ because of their dementia and autism but treating them equally shows that you are showing them empowerment, anti-discriminatory practice is very important and discrimination is caused by prejudice, and this can result in negative behaviours, examples of discrimination can be of many thing like†¦ social race, religious, sexual, disability, ethnic, and age related discrimination, and if this was shown towards these service users it could then result in their needs not being met and could cause different types of depression and stress. It is also important that care providers do not stereotype these service users, by making assumptions for example†¦ service user ‘M’ don’t need to choose her meal for today, she will only forget what she picked. The main types of discrimination is direct discrimination (overt) this is when an individual openly discriminates against others and indirect discrimination (covert) this is when an individual discriminated behind closed doors and also institutional discrimination and this is when anti-discriminatory polices and procedures have not been put into place. Also the amount of involvement of individuals in planning their support will also show empowerment to both service users, this is because the care that is provided to them is focused on the individual, and their self which means that they are within the centre of it, this not only ensures independence but autonomy is also promoted within the process, for example looking at service user ‘B’ because he has autism when planning his support you should use a variety of different methods to collect information about his as a service users qualities, abilities and interests as well as his needs, this could be done by for example†¦ if service user ‘B’ likes to draw and finds is hard to sit and do written class work, it would be a good idea for him to draw his work out and explain it within pictures, by doing this you have taken into account what works well for the individual and also helping him in the sense of meeting his academic needs through different ways, however you would also ask the individual what support or service they would like or feel what is best for them when meeting any type of need, and would also consult them before delivering any types of methods or service without a discussion and consolation first with the individual. In ‘Ms’ case you as a health care professional would ask what activities she would like to do, and find out how she would like within her care plan. Care professionals should also respect service user’s religious beliefs, moral beliefs, values and culture, this is because Britain is a multicultural society and has a huge impact on health and social care delivery, this is because every individuals are different and come from a rang of different backgrounds, for service user ‘B’ who is finding it hard to understand difference, it is important for him to recognise and value it, however this should be done in away that doesn’t take away any of his values and beliefs etc.. to help service user ‘B’ it could be beneficial for him to learn religious education in order for him to get a base of understanding of why people are different and their values and beliefs, however it is important to make sure that the service user does not feel pressured or forced, this is because he could then become fearful of someone that is different to what he is used to, so therefore all health and social care organisations should recognise and values difference and should promote and embrace diversity when it is demonstrated to show that each individuals are being valued on a day to day basis in a positive way to have a positive impact. This would also be the case for service user ‘M’ this is because in a residential care home she will be in contact with many individuals from different backgrounds and because of her condition, there is a chance that she may forget certain aspects of this, so by keeping on top and promoting difference will hopefully enable a fresh mind of this. Moving onto the Holistic approach which means that all care workers main priority is about improving an individuals quality of life, when looking at the word holistic care, it means looking at all of the individuals needs, this is meaning†¦ physical, intellectual, emotional, social, cultural and spiritual and means that these service users are provided with opportunities for all of these needs to be met. Looking at working in partnership, which means that many different health and social care services pull and work together in partnership to plan and deliver good care to each service user and also work together in partnership which includes sharing good practice which then contributes to the support of vulnerable individuals, by doing this it ensures that both service users are getting the best possible care plan due to the fact that both care professions are bringing different skills and qualities that both service users can appreciate. When looking at multi-disciplinary/ inter-agency approach, to sum it up it means a team of workers that have different skills and qualities that come from different specialism’s and service pull together within there work to ensure that problems within an individuals care plan is prevented to the best of their abilities. When looking at effective multi-disciplinary it means working with a service user in order for them to get better care and a better outcome from service providers, and by working with different agencies will then allow different options of care this could become beneficial to both service users as different methods of care can be offered to then and could also include a care plan, for service user ‘B’ it could be a care plan full of different techniques within trying to keeps his outbursts under control and for service user ‘M’ it could be a care plan that can prevent the process of dementure from processing less rapidly. However this is only proven to be effective is the multi- discriminatory organisation is well organised, this because if it is not then there could be a duplication of roles and conflicts of responsibilities and could confuse the service users and in ‘Ms’ case this needs to be avoided as much as possible, this is not saying that service user ‘B’ is less important. All individuals have the right to confidentiality, an example for this could be is service user ‘M’ didn’t want other members of the residential care home to know about her condition then care workers should keep that confidential. Not just both but all service users have the right to privacy and control over their personal details, an example of this could be service user ‘B’ had a diary on the table, a care provider or any other person should not go through it because that is his personal belonging and should have his privacy respected. Not only is maintaining confidentiality is a legal requirement but it also helps form a trusting relationship with service users, however it is important to let service user know that at times information has to be shared on a ‘need to know’ basis, this could be if a service user is in danger for example if service user ‘M’ was to say she was going to kill herself this would have to be reported in case it happened, but you should always let the service user know what you are doing other wise you are risking losing the trust within the formed professional relationship. All care providers then have fulfilling responsibilities, this is by following the correct policies and procedures within there profession and the care setting that they are in and meet the requirements to the relevant legislation. They have the responsibility to ensure that service users in general have a centred approach to care and understand the importance of quality communication and handle each bit of information with sensitive care in a professional way. Assignment 1 M1- Review the benefits to individuals and professional staff f taking a holistic approach to planning support. Looking at the benefits of the holistic approach to not only the individuals but the care professionals to, and looking at service users ‘M’ and ‘B’, I feel that in general it is a very good approach, this is due to the fact that that there are many benefits within them. Looking at the way that professional staff can benefit from this would be for the fact that they are able to learn more skills and qualities or if not this improve on there own and pick up ideas that they can then carry on and use with different service users that they may work with within the future, from other care professionals, it gives care providers the opportunity to improve their quality of care and keep their minds fresh for new ideas, if I was to add an input on this, I would make sure that each care providers would meet one or two times before working with the service users, to ensure that they are at the centre of care, I say this due to the fact that sometimes when people meet that have ideas that the other person has not necessarily thought of themselves, could lead into a discussion and the main principle which is the service user could then be pushed aside. This will also be a more organised thing to do and will prevent confusion with the roles that the care professio nals’ may have. When looking at ways in which both services users will benefit from this approach would be for the fact that they are then at the centre of care, and the health and social care providers are looking at them as a whole and are giving then effective angles of care from all different prospects, the only thing that I would say about this would be for the fact that have a limit on how many health and social care providers that they will be seeing, I say this because sometimes service users can get confused and as one of the service users have demtia, so therefore is a chance that she will not remember each individual that she has been in contact with, so regular and few faces will be beneficial within this case, and also for the fact that if everything is going on at once it can sometimes be hard for the service user to really think and decide what they genially want if there are too many influences around them. Another benefit that care providers can get from the holistic approach would be regaining a professional boundary, this is not meaning that every care professional loses there professional balance, but in some cases it does happen for example, if a care worker has been working in a residential care home for a long period of time, they get to know there residents very well, and adapt to their routines, so things like promotion of choice may lack a little bit as that type of boundary may have been lost along there way, however they should be sent on regular courses to maintain this, but taking the holistic approach, enables them to work with others that do not know the residents to the extent that they themselves do, and will gain that professional outlook by observing from others. Looking at this as an example from service user ‘B’ his regular support worker knows that he don’t like to go assembly so sits with him when the rest of the class goes, however the suppor t worker does not ask him each time if he would like to go but assumes that he wont, when a different support workers then asks him and his reply is yes, his regular support worker then knows that she should ask him in case he does want to go, this not only gives new ideas and targets for the service user but is also getting him involved with members of his class. Also when reviewing yet another benefit of the holistic approach when Appling it to service users, it makes sure that their care plans are on point, this is meaning that nothing should be left out of their care plan and everything is covered, this is due to different opinions and a thou ere analysis of both service users needs and making sure that they are met, to ensure that they are getting the best out of the services that they are required to receive. When this is being done care providers need to make sure that everything is being discussed with the service users themselves. By following the holistic approve, it also benefits care providers due to the fact that they are building in the team’s skills, and improving any flaws that they may have within working as a team, this could also become influential on both service users and encourage then both with taking part in more activities, within their environment.

The Epic Of Gilgamesh And The Iliad Essay - 1397 Words

The destiny in Gilgamesh and The Iliad stories are believed to be a power that controls what happens in the future. The story of Gilgamesh and the Iliad destinies are moderately the same in significance of the conflicts and the ways of life both of the stories focused on a significant deaths. The Iliad and Gilgamesh is a remarkable reminder of the way life is in the present, but also how it is a little different. Both stories are similar in goals and destinies and how it affect the main characters. Most people believes that destiny or fate is pre-set and it is changed only by decisions we make that may be selfish and vindicated. Hopefully by the end of the essay the readers will get a better understand of stories similarities and differences. In Gilgamesh it s discovered that he was two thirds god and one-third man, and his knowledge is the significant to his fate. Gilgamesh is a hero that is beautiful, courageous, and daunting to the others around him; they desires to have his attributes, and accomplishments to reflect and exemplify theirs life and destiny. Being mortal means that his fate is to experience his own death and the death of others around him. In fact, without death his life would be meaningless, and the journeys that make up the story would vanish. The immortality of Gilgamesh’s name gives the ability to live forever than to die and be forgotten. This story teaches Gilgamesh what it means to be human; he teaches him the meaning of love and compassion, theShow MoreRelatedThe Epic Of Gilgamesh And The Iliad1546 Words   |  7 PagesThe Epic of Gilgamesh and the Iliad are two extremely different stories, The Iliad being a tale of war (specifically the Trojan War) while the Epic of Gilgamesh is a true Ep ic in the sense that it is a journey, all about the development of the characters. While there are many different themes throughout both books, one of the most important themes is the way that friendship develops both of the people involved and the way that it ties into the story overall. In the Epic of Gilgamesh, Enkidu and GilgameshRead MoreThe Epic Of Gilgamesh And The Iliad1183 Words   |  5 PagesIn the epics The Epic of Gilgamesh and the Iliad, heroes Achilles and Gilgamesh have important relationships with characters that directly and indirectly give readers a look at the character we might not normally see. For the mighty demi-god Achilles, this is the warrior Patroclus, whom he has a great respect for. For the tyrannical King Gilgamesh, this was Enkidu, the hairy man sent by the gods. 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This paper talks about the role of women presented in the ancient Greek work, the Iliad by Homer and the Mesopotamian Epic of Gilgamesh by anonymous author. Women role in the Iliad Homer’s Iliad contains an array of female characters that are both supernatural and human. The supernatural females or goddessesRead MoreGilgamesh, the Illiad, the Aeneid1661 Words   |  7 PagesAnglo-Saxon era in history, long narrative poems, known as epics become all the rage. These poems were written in elevated styles that presented the adventures of a hero with superhuman qualities who embodied the national ideals. These ideals and adventures were presented through elements such as dreams, courage allowing the hero to overcome great trials, and a major battle scene. 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